{"id":726,"date":"2026-02-11T11:21:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T11:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/?p=726"},"modified":"2026-02-11T11:43:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T11:43:36","slug":"environmental-surveillance-in-one-health-early-signs-for-early-actions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/2026\/02\/11\/environmental-surveillance-in-one-health-early-signs-for-early-actions\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Environmental Surveillance in One Health: Early Signs\u00a0for\u00a0Early Actions<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h5><strong>Why Environmental Surveillance Matters in One Health<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>In a world where human, animal, and environmental health are so deeply intertwined, an ability to detect early disease signals and act collaboratively has never been more critical. To that end, environmental surveillance (ES)&nbsp;comprises&nbsp;a valuable tool that can detect pathogen signals before they surface as clinical\/veterinary cases, unlike traditional surveillance methods, and is crucial for capturing community-level disease emergence and spread proactively. ES in India has been widely used for monitoring poliovirus and SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 and is fast emerging as an early warning system for a host of other pathogens, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), and more, within a holistic One Health framework, cutting across the domains of human, animal and environment health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One Health provides the conceptual and operational framework within which environmental surveillance, including wastewater surveillance, serves as a core tool to track shared risks across humans, animals, and ecosystems. By enabling triangulation of data across human, animal, and environmental domains, ES&nbsp;within a&nbsp;One Health paradigm&nbsp;supports coordinated and&nbsp;timely&nbsp;public health action at the human\u2013animal\u2013environment interface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>Benefits of ES as an Early Warning System<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Environmental surveillance uses samples such as wastewater, surface water, soil, air, food-chain&nbsp;matrices&nbsp;and vectors to infer exposure and circulation of pathogens, chemicals, and AMR markers in populations and ecosystems. It captures signals that clinical or veterinary surveillance may miss (for instance, asymptomatic infections, under-diagnosed&nbsp;pathogens&nbsp;and subclinical AMR), thus complementing \u201cclassical\u201d case-based systems. Environmental surveillance can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Detect early pathogen circulation in the community<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Identify&nbsp;trends before clinical\/veterinary&nbsp;case numbers rise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Support&nbsp;timely&nbsp;public health decision-making<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>ES in Antimicrobial Resistance: A Key Use Case<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>AMR is one of the top 10 global health threats, placing millions at the risk of untreatable infections.<sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;A recent Indian study found that 83% of patients who come to hospitals already carry drug-resistant pathogens,<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;highlighting the alarming scale of&nbsp;an&nbsp;AMR crisis.&nbsp;It&#8217;s&nbsp;a significant One Health challenge as AMR pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) can be transmitted to and from humans either directly, or indirectly via animals and environmental pathways.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Environmental surveillance is especially useful in settings where clinical AMR data is incomplete or skewed toward larger hospitals, providing a broader picture of resistance patterns at the community level. Conducting ES at high-risk animal\u2013human interfaces (e.g., livestock farms, wet markets,&nbsp;slaughterhouses, hospital effluents) as part of a One Health strategy&nbsp;comprises&nbsp;a powerful tool to check disease spillovers and detect AMR in time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>Sustainable Integration of ES&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;One Health Ecosystem: Turning&nbsp;Challenges&nbsp;into Solutions<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Sustainably integrating environmental surveillance into the One Health ecosystem requires moving beyond research pilots to address the operational, institutional, and coordination challenges. Following are some key aspects\/areas where concerted action can help address the inherent challenges of ES implementation leading to sustained and scaled benefits on the ground:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Hospital Linkages:<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em>Stepping up wastewater surveillance (WWS) in hospital facilities to track AMR and test for pathogens can help triangulate WWS data with clinical surveillance data. The frequency of monitoring should be increased and a regular cadence&nbsp;maintained&nbsp;to detect infections early, thus \u201cnipping them in the bud\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Central Initiatives and Public-Private Partnerships:&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>Government initiatives, such as the ICMR\u2019s&nbsp;plan to expand WWS across 50 cities (from the current 5) to test for 10 pathogens offer programmatic support.&nbsp;Besides,&nbsp;public-private partnerships can&nbsp;leverage&nbsp;private sector capabilities to efficiently scale ES\/WWS&nbsp;activities across cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Technology&nbsp;and&nbsp;Data&nbsp;Integration<\/em>:&nbsp;<\/strong>Time matters for pathogen detection, making the development of faster and more sophisticated testing methods critical to strengthening the early warning systems. Across the ES workflow, from sample collection and transportation&nbsp;to processing, detection, reporting, and analysis, technological solutions can play&nbsp;an important role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In India\u2019s non-sewered settings,&nbsp;identifying&nbsp;suitable sampling sites&nbsp;at&nbsp;open drains or nullahs and estimating catchment populations&nbsp;comprise&nbsp;a challenge. Advanced tools to map informal sewage networks and associated populations&nbsp;can&nbsp;offer&nbsp;a viable&nbsp;solution, where private sector can&nbsp;substantively&nbsp;contribute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In India\u2019s non-sewered settings,&nbsp;identifying&nbsp;suitable sampling sites&nbsp;at&nbsp;open drains or nullahs and estimating catchment populations&nbsp;comprise&nbsp;a challenge. Advanced tools to map informal sewage networks and associated populations&nbsp;can&nbsp;offer&nbsp;a viable&nbsp;solution, where private sector can&nbsp;substantively&nbsp;contribute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once ES data is generated, publicly accessible dashboards showing real-time pathogen trends are essential for awareness and action. However, effective interpretation and use of this data require strengthened capacity and training among decision-makers to enable&nbsp;timely,&nbsp;effective&nbsp;and&nbsp;targeted public health interventions.&nbsp;Development and efficient use of coordinated dashboards&nbsp;and data systems&nbsp;can help ensure&nbsp;that&nbsp;warning signals&nbsp;from across&nbsp;animal populations, wastewater, or environmental samples&nbsp;do not&nbsp;remain&nbsp;in&nbsp;silos, are&nbsp;picked up on&nbsp;time&nbsp;and acted upon effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Costing:<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>For scaling up ES\/WWS within the One Health strategy, research data on costing and cost-effectiveness of ES\/WES is essential to equip policymakers with evidence on the relative costs and benefits of this surveillance method. In this context, ISB\u2019s Max Institute of Healthcare Management is undertaking&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isb.edu\/faculty-and-research\/max-institute-of-healthcare-management\/research\/wastewater-and-environmental-surveillance-wes-in-india-financingcosting-and-cost-effectiveness-modelling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a study<\/a>&nbsp;to map the current landscape of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) initiatives in India, and examining WES operational models, financing mechanisms, and emerging best practices. The institute is also developing a multi-city and multi-pathogen costing tool to estimate the costs and resources&nbsp;required&nbsp;for programmatic WES implementation across different pathogens and geographies and alongside preparing a plan for engaging in a cost-effectiveness analysis of WES under various sampling strategies and outbreak scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>A One Health approach is essential for strengthening early warning systems for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance, with environmental surveillance\u00a0comprising\u00a0a shared monitoring system across sectors. Its impact will\u00a0ultimately depend\u00a0on how well it is integrated into routine public health decision-making, strengthening links between human, animal, and environmental health systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>*The blog draws insights from the discussion on &#8216;Strengthening Early Warning Systems and Response through One Health and Environmental Surveillance\u2019 during ISB\u2019s Healthcare Catalyst 2026 led by Dr. Deepshikha Batheja, Principal Research Scientist, MIHM, ISB &amp; co-led by Dr. Shreejata Samajpati, Senior Researcher, MIHM, ISB<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>References<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance Summary for Antimicrobial Resistance (2025). World Health Organization.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/wastewater-and-environmental-surveillance--summary-for-antimicrobial-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/wastewater-and-environmental-surveillance&#8211;summary-for-antimicrobial-resistance<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&nbsp;Van Der Ploeg, K., Vos, M. C.,&nbsp;Rughwani, H., Severin, J. A., Post, R. A., Reddy, D. N., &#8230; &amp; Bruno, M. J. (2025). Preprocedural screening for multidrug-resistant organisms in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: an international, multicentre, cross-sectional observational study.&nbsp;<em>Eclinicalmedicine<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>90<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-3 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-762x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-762x1024.webp 762w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-223x300.webp 223w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-768x1032.webp 768w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-1143x1536.webp 1143w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-1524x2048.webp 1524w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Shreejata-Samajpati-scaled.webp 1905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<h5>Authors\u2019 bios:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Shreejata Samajpati<\/strong><br>Senior Researcher<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shreejata Samajpati holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Central Florida, USA, and serves as a Senior Researcher at the Max Institute of Healthcare Management, Indian School of Business (MIHM-ISB). She specializes in applying non-market valuation techniques and principles of health economics to analyse issues at the intersection of health, environment, and economics. At MIHM-ISB, her research focuses on costing and economic evaluation of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) initiatives in India. She also actively coordinates with a broad network of WES stakeholders &#8211; from policymakers, scientists and lab experts to global practitioners &#8211; to explore ways of driving collaborative implementation and sustainable advancement of WES.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-6 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-762x1024.webp\" alt=\"Amrit Kaur Sandhu\" class=\"wp-image-733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-762x1024.webp 762w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-223x300.webp 223w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-768x1032.webp 768w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-1143x1536.webp 1143w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-1524x2048.webp 1524w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/02\/Amrit-Kaur-Sandhu-scaled.webp 1905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Amrit Kaur Sandhu<\/strong><br>Research Analyst<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Amrit Kaur Sandhu is a health economist and modelling professional with experience in cost analysis, economic modelling, and health technology assessment. At the Max Institute of Healthcare Management, Indian School of Business, she works on the development of a costing tool; costing of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) initiatives in India, to estimate resource requirements and operational costs. She is interested in building practical and transparent economic models that support evidence-based decision-making and policy planning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-9 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Navsangeet-Saini.jpg\" alt=\"Navsangeet Saini\" class=\"wp-image-702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Navsangeet-Saini.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Navsangeet-Saini-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Navsangeet-Saini-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/2\/files\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/Navsangeet-Saini-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Navsangeet Saini<\/strong><br>Writer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Navsangeet Saini\u202fis a communication professional with over 13 years of experience across academia, media and communication research, and writing. At the Max Institute of Healthcare Management, Indian School of Business (MIHM-ISB), she crafts narratives that make complex research accessible and relevant to diverse audiences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Environmental Surveillance Matters in One Health In a world where human, animal, and environmental health are so deeply intertwined, an ability to detect early disease signals and act collaboratively has never been more critical. To that end, environmental surveillance (ES)&nbsp;comprises&nbsp;a valuable tool that can detect pathogen signals before they surface as clinical\/veterinary cases, unlike [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":727,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Environmental Surveillance in One Health: Early Signs\u00a0for\u00a0Early Actions - Max Institute of Healthcare Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a world where human, animal, and environmental health are so deeply intertwined, an ability to detect early disease signals and act collaboratively has never been more critical.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.isb.edu\/healthcare\/2026\/02\/11\/environmental-surveillance-in-one-health-early-signs-for-early-actions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Environmental Surveillance in One Health: Early Signs\u00a0for\u00a0Early Actions - 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